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TABLE GUTLBRY. No. 341,415. Patented'May 4, Y1886.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

JAMES D. FRARY, OF BRIDGEPORT, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO THE JOHN RUSSELLCUTLERY COMPANY, OF TURNIIRS FALLS, MASS.

TABLE-GUTLERY.

SPECIFICAI'ION forming part of Letters Patent No. 341,415, dated May4,1886.

Application filed March 9,1855. Serial No. 158,126. (Model.)

T all whom, it may concern: handles have been made by drawing up a Be itknown that I, JAMES D. FRARY, of sheet-metal tube equalin transversearea from Bridgeport, in the county of Fairfield and the butt to thebolster,the butt-end closed, the State of C0nnecticut,have invented anewImother open end soldered to the bolster, but proverne'nt inTableCutlery; and I do hereby such handles are objectionable from thefact 55 declare the following, when taken in connecof thenecessary'shape of equal transverse area tion with accompanying drawingsand the letthroughout, such shape being necessary, beters of referencemarked thereon,` to be a full, cause the handles are drawn from sheetmetal. clear, and exact description of the same, and in dies.

io which said drawings constitute part of this The recognized best shapefora handle ofa 6o specification, and represent, in table-knife is thatusuaily found in ivory han- Figure l,a side View ofa knife, a portion ofdles,and which tapers slightly from thebolster the blade broken away;Fig. 2, a back view of to the butt, the butt simply rounded, the sidesthe same; Fig. 3, alongitudinal central section of the handle dat, andthe edges rounded, and

I5 cutting in a plane at right angles to the plane such as seen in Figs.1 and 2. 65 oftheblade; Figa,atransversesection through Handles havebeen cast directly onto the thehandle; Fig. 5,atransverse sectionshowing tang hollow or cored, so as to leave the butta modification ofthe web. end open, and the butt-end closed by a cap This inventionrelates to an improvement soldered or brazed thereto, and in which the2o in that class of tablecutlery in which the hanhandles are cast froman alloy, or what is coln 7o dles are made from metal. lnonly calledwhite-metal.7 In such metal Heretofore metal handles for table-cutleryit is difficult to produce a tine surface by the have been made4 byforming the handle in two usual methods of polishing, making suchhanparts or blanks cut from sheet metal and dles as ordinarily producedtoo expensive for struck into shape so that the edges of the twopractical work. It is to this class of handles 75 parts will meet in thecentral plane of the that my invention particularly relates; and itblade, the two parts being soldered together, has for its object toconsolidate the metal, and also soldered to the bolster. Such conwhercbyaline smooth surface is produced, struction enables the production ofhandles of and which are, if desired, easily ornamentcd 3o variousshapes and ornamentation; but as the in such consolidation; and theinvention con- So metal is necessarily thin they are liable to be sistsin casting a tubular handle upon the heel bruised, and in such bruisingthe joint is or tang end of the blade upon a metal-core, broken, andpermits water to flow into the the core extending beyond the butt-endofthe handle, and as, when once in the handle, it can handle, and wherebythe bult-end of the hanonly leave there by dripping out, itis a sourcedie is left Open, and then striking the handle 85 of annoyance to usersof such knives. To obbetween dies while the metal core remains in viatethis difficulty the handles have been cast the handle to form aresistance against the solid onto the blade; but such handles are soaction of the dies, as more fully hereinafter heavy as to be practicallydiscarded in the mardescribed.

4o ket. Other metal Ahandles have been forged A represents the handle;B, the blade, the 9o in the same piece with the blade, and made outlineofthe handle being substantially that small and light, so as to overcomethe objecof the common ivory handle. The handle is tion of the heavycast handle; but in such concast hollow, with the butt-end open.struction the handles are too small to be con- A metal mold is firstformed having a cavveniently used. Again, where an ornamented itycorresponding to the exterior of the han- 95 handle is desirable, theforged handles require dle, and also a cavity to receive the bolster rstto be finished and then struck in dies to end of the blade, and so thatthe blade set into produceornamentation. This operation is exthe mold somuch of its tang as is necessary pensive, and does not relieve thehandle from for the attachment of the handle will stand 5o theobjections to its size. Other classes of within the handlecavity andreceive the bol` roo .iro

ster portion, as at a., Fig. 3. A metal eore is prepared for the handleand fixed in the mold so as to stand in the cavity and leave a spacearound it for the metal to Ilow to form the handle and onto the blade toform a bolster. Longitudinally through'the core is an openingcorresponding to a web, b, to be formed between the two sides of thehandle. The metal is poured into the mold, and, flowing around the core,forms the handle and bolster, and in so flowing the metal unites withthe heel end ofthe blade. The metal also flows through the opening inthe core and forms the web b, which is longitudinally through thehandle, uniting its two sides. rIhis leaves the butt-end ot' the handleopen. After the core is removed the butt end of the handle is closed bya cap, C, which is of convex shape and soldered to the open butt-endofthe handle. The cap may be struck from sheet metal, so as to 'form astrong butt.

The metal employed to form it will be understood, is what is commonlycalled white-metal.77 As this meta] is liable to be porous, orpresent asomewhat open surface, I strike the handle in dies, in shapecorresponding to the nished handle, while the handle is still `on thecore-that is, when the handle with the core is removed from the mold,instead of immediately witl'idrawing the core, the handle, with the corestill in it, is introduced between dies and struck, which condenses themetal and produces a perfectly smooth surface.

In some classes of handles an ornamental surface is required. In suchcase the striksuch handles,

ing or finishing dies have their `cavities. correspondingly ornamented7and then by striking onto the metal of the handle while it is stillsupported by the core the handle is [inished and ornamentedcorresponding to the dies, the core forming a irm support for suchstriking and ornamentation.

The core is subsequently removed, and the cap applied to close andfinish the but-tend. Then the handles may be electroplated or otherwisen ished.

Y Instead of making the web to extend entirely across the handle fromside to side, it may be a rib upon each', as seen in Fig. 5, the ribs inthemselves being sufcient to withstand blows or accidents which wouldotherwise indent the handle. rlhe rounded shape ofthe edges of thehandle serve to resist such indent-ations7 the sides only needing theprotection described.

\Vhile I prefer to cast the handle with the web as a support for thesides, the web may be omitted.

It will be understood from the foregoing that I do not claim, broadly, acored metal handle cast directly upon the heel of a blade and with a capapplied to close the open butt-end of the handle.

l. The henein -deseribed improvement in handles for table-cutlery,consisting in a metal handle east directly upon the heel end of theblade, the handle portion east hollow, the buttend open, and with alongitudinal web between the two sides, the butt-end closed by a cap tocomplete the handle, substantially as described.

2. The method herein described for forming and attaching cutlery-handlesto the blades, consisting in casting a tubular handle upon the heel endof the blade and upon a metal core, whereby the butt-end of the handleis left open, and then striking the handle between dies while the corestill remains in the handle, substantially as described.

YJAMns D. FRARY.

Vitnesses:

JOHN E. EARLE, Jos. C. EARLE.

